Perception of material culture and fishing of Puri district in Orissa

Mr.Gama Mohanto

Perception of environmental resources is one of the key factors in development of material culture of the people. The natural environment has opened up a number of elements and possibilities to convert them as resources. Sometimes a single object may have multiple resource possibilities and their utilization as resource depends upon the applied knowledge and experience of the people. The physical environment of the study area of the state of Orissa has created immense scope of marine resource development. Fishing is one of the most important resource processes in the state. Here three different types of fishing namely, marine fishing, brackish fishing and inland fishing have developed. Both inland fishing and brackish fishing have been developed by the Oriya people of the state whereas marine fishing in the state has been developed by the migrant people of Telugu community. Herein the role of perception is the key factor in the growth of resource processing. In the present paper, the role of perception in evolution of marine fishing in the study area is studied with the background of physical resource potentialities, difficulties and prospects of other resource processes. The degree and magnitude of influence of perception on the material culture of fishermen of Orissa has also been taken into consideration in this paper.  

Radicalism in Indian History- example from India

Mr.Tapas Pyne

Dispossession and forced separation of a section of people from the means of production are inextricably associated with state-led economic development. In an inherited post-colonial development paradigm, a ‘top down’ approach followed in India excluded the people living at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder as equal partners who with respect to rising ‘mainstream’ material expectations experience ‘dispossession’ by displacement. Radicalism based on this ground reality, a consequence of uneven development across social and economic categories and across regions, becomes a corollary that concerns both the state and the civil society. Rather than withdrawing from the system that evolved and got fractured over time, the paper opines, the state has to play a key role in development the beginning and base of which has to be to take into confidence the marginalized sections of the society like the tribal people, the downtrodden, and the poor as dignified and equal partners.  

Communal constitution of the Chauhans of Sambalpur

Ms.Rama Biswas

In brief it is mainly a discussion on the tribal and non-tribal structure of society of the state of Sambalpur. Within this social hierarchy, the Chauhans stood first, followed by various tribal groups like the Binjhals, Kondh, and Sahara etc. The Chauhans maintained a balance of relationship within their tribal population. They created all possible conveniences to attract people of the higher social groups from outside to settle in their kingdom. To arrive at a definite historical conclusion as to how the social structure was designed by the Chauhans of Sambalpur, the author of the article consulted the only contemporary as well as authentic Sanskrit courtly chronicle of sixteenth century, ‘KosalanandaKavyam’, the eighteenth century authentic Lariya courtly chronicle ‘Jaya Chandrika’and other vernacular sources of seventeenth century such as ‘Sasisena Kavya’, ‘Sambala Mansa’. Nineteenth century British accounts are used adequately as well. This paper is an attempt at providing certain observations on the social structure of western Orissa under the Chauhans of Sambalpur during sixteenth to eighteenth century.  

History of Environmental History of India: A Review of Historiography

V.M. Ravi Kumar

Environmental history offers systematic documentation of human environmental relationship in the past. Fascinating literature on environmental history has been produced in the last three decades in India. This articles attempts to propose a historiographical review of this new frontier of historical inquiry. Three of the following aspects are highlighted: core areas covered under environmental history: broad trends that are used in structuring environmental history and further prospects to explore ecological dimension of India history.  

History of punch-marked coin in Indian subcontinent

Mr.Dipayan Das

Most likely the fist coin of India was minted just before 5th century BCE in northern and central India. The earliest coins of India are commonly known as Punch-marked coins. As the name suggests, these coins bear the symbol of various types, punched on metal pieces of specific size and weight. Issued initially by merchant Guilds and later by States, the coins represented a trade currency belonging to a period of intensive trade activity and urban development. They are broadly classified into two periods: the first period (attributed to the Janapadas or small local states) and the second period (attributed to the Imperial Mauryan period). The motifs found on these coins were mostly drawn from nature like the sun, various animal motifs, trees, hills etc. and some were geometrical symbols. In this write up we shall discuss the origin, growth and development of Punch marked coins in Indian Subcontinent in ancient times.  

Socio-economic study of the peoples established in three steel plants in India

Subhash Deshkukh

In preponderance of the cases the ongoing development model propelled by the market forces often goes against the interest of the very section of people that sacrifice their hearth and home for economic development of the nation. In order to throw light on the inadequacy of the state’s resettlement and rehabilitation policy measures for the people affected by the modern development projects and their social and ecological consequences on the livelihood of the ecosystem people, the paper attempts to make a critical analysis of the present state of living of the families displaced during 1950s and 1960s by three public sector steel plants in India. The findings are based on primary data collected by the author through fieldwork in the three steel cities and their peripheries during 2007-08.  

Nomads of today-a case study on socio-political dimension

Mr.Anirudha Hazra

World is striving to advance technologically and in an eco friendly way. These changes are now being witnessed in first, second and in third world countries also. But there are some people who also live in these worlds without caring for this progress. They live in the world of their own. They are misfit to these ever changing worlds. They are ‘nomads’, the bohemians cling to their own lifestyle not at all caring for future. Today is only important to them but tomorrow. Tomorrow is left for tomorrow.In the long past they had ancestral homes, good arable lands, but in course of time they were stripped of their hearth and home, forced to move to unfriendly infertile land by superior race. As such they found it difficult to continue living there and left it to eke out living elsewhere and become ‘nomads’ Nomads are found in many countries of the world. They are also found in many states of India viz. Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal etc. in West Bengal nomads of different origin are also found. These people never stay permanently anywhere. They live in open air or somehow made ‘Jhopries’, by the side of railway tracts, dilapidated buildings, outside of villages etc I.e. far from the madding crowd. They eke out living of anything I.e. sometime as agricultural laborers, performing black art, i.e. magic, tight rope walking, and circus tricks, as snake charmer etc.  

Cyclic change in geographical thought in modern world wide educational attainment

Mr. Sandipan Pan

Urbanization means the growth of the number and size of the towns and the spreading of quality of life in towns. Naturally the growth and development is infrastructural development etc.). Primary target is to demonstrate the connection between urbanization and rural development. Urbanization is closely connected to regional development. There is no only one viable (universal) regional development trend. Sustainable development is one of the most important types of them. Lots of sign shows that certain parts of urbanization process could not be part of sustainable Development. Success of sustainable development in urbanization process depends on the relationship between towns and their rural territory different in several parts of the world. on the other hand the urbanization is not only effect to towns. It has also an effect on rural region. Several attendant Phenomenon belong to the urbanization (economic development, rural development.  

Decadal growth of irrigation in Jalpaiguri district

Goutam Kundu

Successful agriculture operation in West Bengal however, is still being dependent on the single most dominant climatic parameters i.e. rainfall. But even that rainfall though copious, is characterized by seasonal concentration, uncertainty and variability. The ground water resource of any territory is significant from two considerations. One of them is utilization in irrigating crops and another is for drinking water. In our analysis the focus of attention is on the compares the irrigation condition and growth within one decade in jalpaiguri district.    

Government initiatives in social and economic development of backward people in India

Dr.Narasingha Narayan

UnderTIIndian Constitution, ‘social security and social insurance’ falls under the Concurrent List (List III, item 23). Article 41 of the Constitution (Directive Principles of State Policy) lays down that ‘The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want’. Article 42 provides for securing ‘just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief’, and Article 43 enjoins upon the State to secure ‘to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work, ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities’. In this paper we evaluate the welfare scheme of government as well as development.